Laterite soils are formed due to the weathering process of igneous or metamorphic rock over millions of years. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. One such naturally occurring material is laterite a type of residual soil that occurs extensively in the humid tropical and subtropical zones of the world, including much of central, southern and western africa. Accordingly, the purpose of this work is to combine geotechnical tests to chemical and. It forms in tropical and subtropical regions where the climate is humid. Generally, it is believed that laterite soils are formed in humid tropical and sub tropical areas. The compressed earth blocks often referred to simply as ceb, is a type of manufactured construction material formed by the compression of the soil in a mould with the help of a manual or motorized. Characteristics of red soils the texture of these soils can vary from sand to clay, the majority being loams. Current specifications are not traffic or materialtype related, i. They develop by intensive and prolonged weathering of the underlying parent rock. Stabilisation method could either be by water through bonding the soil particles together, water proofing the particles or combine the two method. A model study on accelerated consolidation of coir.
It is the result of the chemical weathering of the soils over millions of years. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. Laterite soil laterite has been derived from the latin word later which means brick. Current affairs history geography polity economics culture environment science and technology soil. The study expressed an increase in bulk densities thus on the process where. Engineering behavior and classification of lateritic soils. Laterite soils are formed in hot, wet tropical regions with an annual rainfall between 750mm to 300mm. The laterite story of the various soil types that occur in the tropics and subtropics, laterites are of special interest in conjunction with building construction. The classification properties and composition of a lateritic soil, developed on.
In order to understand the effects of ss299 on the stabilization of laterite soil, laboratory tests on the unconfined compressive strength and shear strength of. Soil type laterite soil lateritic soil nonlateritic soil si02al203 1. Most of the worlds aluminium is mined from lateritic bauxite deposits. Color of soils mainly depends upon their composition. However, light, porous and well drained soil rich in organic content is most suitable for its cultivation. Review of specifications for the use of laterite in road. Generally, it is believed that laterite soils are formed in humid tropical and subtropical areas. Soils are mainly classified on the basis of their nature and composition. A red residual soil formed by the leaching of silica and by the enrichment with aluminum and iron oxides, especially in humid climates. Book chapter full text access chapter 6 significant geotechnical implications of the genesis if laterite soil pages 153169 download pdf.
The main parent rocks are crystalline and metamorphic rocks like acid granites, gneisses and quartzites. There is a wide diversity of opinion concerning nomenclature, testing procedures and acceptance criteria, as. These are highly weathered soils, which contain large, though extremely variable, proportions of iron and. Laterite, soil layer that is rich in iron oxide and derived from a wide variety of rocks weathering under strongly oxidizing and leaching conditions. The comparison of the studied soils with some lateritic soils in subsaharan africa indicates that i. Laterites are variegated materials which are common in humid tropical area of the world, the materials when. Pdf laterite is an ironrich, subaerial, weathering product, commonly considered to evolve as a result of intense, in situ substrate alteration under. Engineering properties of a lateritic soil profile 49 field study geology, topography, climate and vegetation in the area studied the area studied was at victoria point, located in the coastal region of southeast queensland, australia longitude 1539e, latitude 274s, about 30 km south east of brisbane, the capital of queensland. Find laterite stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. However, laterite soil produced concrete that compares in strength with a normal concrete. One such soil found abundantly are the laterite soils.
Abundant oxygen, water, and warmth leach most watersoluble minerals from particles of parent rock and leave a nonsoluble residue enriched in hydroxides of aluminum, iron, magnesium, nickel, and titanium. Factors influencing the development of lateritic and laterite soils in the hawaiian islands g. After a brief introductory discussion on the suitability of various classification systems of lateritic soils for engineering purposes, some geotechnical properties of nigerian laterites are summarized. Laterite is within the scope of wikiproject soil, which collaborates on soil and related articles on wikipedia. Different types of laterite occur extensively in the central interior zone of the country. Soil is one of the significant natural resources, like air and water. Review of specifications for the use of laterite in road pavements contract. Converting degraded lateritic soils into productive land. Pdf use of laterite as a sustainable building material. The geotechnical properties of lateritic soils and their suitability for road construction have been evaluated for selected sites in minna, northcentral nigeria. These factors combine to restrict dehydration and the process of laterisation. This paper advocates the use of local lateritea soil type rich in iron and alumina formed. The only group of soils in which a correlation has not been observed be tween organic matter and aggregation is the lateritic soils, where dehydrated ox ides of alumina and iron are responsi ble for stable aggregate formation. Lateritic soil synonyms, lateritic soil pronunciation, lateritic soil translation, english dictionary definition of lateritic soil.
Department of civil and environmental engineering, university of lagos, lagos, nigeria. Characteristics study of stabilized and compressed laterite soil bricks clay has been used as a building material from the beginning of humankind. According to lohnes and demirel 37, such soils can be referred to as lateritic soils. The study revealed that the laterite soils embankments lose most of its stability over time period and. Geotechnical properties of lateritic soil as subgrade and base material for road construction in abeokuta, southwest nigeria. The quality of these blocks depends on the type of the raw materials used i. Developments in geotechnical engineering laterite soil. Cline in press, in his classification of hawaiian soils. Three packages to buy from the most simple teaser package to full plan package in pdf and in editable cad files. It also showed that laterite soil can enhance some properties of concrete depending on the nature of the laterite and also blended material. Mineralogically, the soil contains virtually nothing undesirable while its basic geotechnical properties are those.
Engineering behavior and classification of lateritic soils in relation to soil genesis erdil riza tuncer. The dam is founded on lateritic soil, which is a common weathering profile throughout the region. The research investigated the classification and compaction characteristics of lateritic soils of warri, the economic nerve center of delta state, nigeria. Not only has soil degradation in niger been halted thanks to an integrated approach combining water. Short notes on soil profile, texture, formation and. The process laterization in soil occurs in the region where the atmospheric temperature is very with very high annual rain fall. Geotechnical, chemical and mineralogical evaluation of lateritic soils. There are many different types of soils like black soil, red soil, laterite soil, alluvial soil, mountain soil, etc. The properties and cohesion of the cebs can be enhanced by the addition of a stabilizer. Lateritic soils that overburden mohammad buhari estate in abeokuta area of ogun state, nigeria is in great use for road construction. Laterite soil engineering is one of a few books about solving engineering problems with the help of engineering pedology. Other sources than the eocene limestone, however, may have been available.
Assessment of the geotechnical properties of lateritic. Laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Soils in india alluvial, black, red, laterite its location availability characteristics crops grown. Laterite definition of laterite by the free dictionary. It is the topmost layer of the earths crust and is a mixture of finely powdered rocks, organic matter, liquids, myriad. The department not only provides scientific database on the soil and land resources of the state for developing suitable soil and land management practices but also implements a variety of projects aimed at conserving and managing. Strength and permeability characteristics of selected. In this thesis, the terms laterite and lateritic soils will be used. Use of laterite as a sustainable building material in developing countries. Bioreclamation converting degraded lateritic soils into.
Developments in geotechnical engineering, pedogenesis and. Read this article to learn about the profile, texture, formation and classification of the soils found on earth. Find laterite soil stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. B this article has been rated as bclass on the projects quality scale. Engineering behavior and classification of lateritic soils in relation to soil genesis 1976. The crop thrives in a variety of soils fertile forest soil rich in organic matter, laterite soils with high organic matter content and waterholding capacity, limestone soil and well drained fertile black cotton soil.
Laterite soil samples classified as a261, a65 and a612 by grouping according to aashto that are considered not suitable. Pdf stabilization of laterite soil using gks soil stabilizer. Nearly all laterites are of rustyred coloration, because of high iron oxide content. The word soil is derived from latin word solum which means earthy materials in which plants grows. Stabilization of locally available soil using cnsa and glass. These soils formed in a tropical environment of fluctuating water tables, severe leaching and translocation of iron oxides over many millions of years. On the uplands, the red soils are poor, gravelly, and porous. Soil samples were collected from eight locations and subjected to geotechnical. Geotechnical investigation is one of the effective means of detecting and solving pre, syn and post constructional problems. If you would like to participate, you can choose to edit this article, or visit the project page for more information. Factors influencing the development of lateritic and. This book presents the latest information on the laterite soils geotechnical characteristics and engineering behavior. Strength and permeability characteristics of selected laterite stabilized using powermax cement. With rain, lime and silica are leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound are left behind.
Laterite soil is quite stronger than shedi soil due to the higher content of oxides of iron, while shedi soils are characterized by low bearing strengths under moist conditions. Therefore, efforts are required to exploit the potential of local soils as a qualified road foundation material. This is followed by a description of the role that lateritic soils play in. A single sample may exhibit a whole range of colors merging more or. Characteristics study of stabilized and compressed. Laterite based stabilized products for sustainable building. The laterite soils develop in areas with high temperature and high rainfall.
The existence of one member of the laterite catena, i. Lateritic soil definition of lateritic soil by the free. These are the result of intense leaching due to tropical rains. Developments in geotechnical engineering, pedogenesis and engineering principles gidigasu, m. Red soils red soils along with its minor groups form the largest soil group of india. If this limestone is the immediate source of the lateritic soil, a large volume of limestone was weathered to yield the known deposits. The study was to determine the effect of bulk density at every condition of soil use in the study location. Nearly all laterites are of rustyred coloration, because of.
Laterite soil of lafia, nasarawa state, nigeria 1kassim abayomi abiola and 2nasiru idris medugu, 1,2department of geography, nasarawa state university, keffi, nigeria abstract. Laterite definition is a residual product of rock decay that is red in color and has a high content in the oxides of iron and hydroxide of aluminum. Laterite is a type of soil produced by intense, prolonged weathering, usually in tropical climates. Pdf collapse potential of laterite soils editorijee. Lateritic soils in environmental management in nigeria. Pdf development of strength model of lateritic soilcement.
Engineering properties of a lateritic soil profile. Laterite soil contains iron oxide which imparts red colour to the soil. Pdf study on characteristic of laterite soil with lime stabilization as. Laterite is a highly weathered material, rich in secondary oxides of iron, aluminum, or both. Laterite is formed when heavy tropical rainfall results in intense weathering of rock and soil. Evaluation of bulk density in organic and lateritic soil formation influenced by variation of saturation and porosity in deltaic environment has been assessed. Laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium, and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Tropical weathering laterization is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces. Mid this article has been rated as midimportance on the projects importance scale.
During high temperature, the sillicon particles detaches fr. An increase in construction and material use in tropical environments has made way for engineering knowledge of related basic properties of soils within those areas. Classification and compaction characteristics of lateritic. After many millions of years what is left is called a laterite, which can be either ironrich, or in extreme cases, aluminiumrich.
A sedimentary laterite soil is examined for its suitability as a construction material by the consideration of its mineralogy and basic geotechnical properties as well as its consolidation and permeability in the compacted state. Lateritic soils article about lateritic soils by the. These values have been listed separately for soils orginating from the same kind of parent rock material. The science which deals with the study of soil is called pedology or edaphology. These reactions combine to form a new insoluble compound which hardens when cured to stabilize the soil.
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